In the 1980s, psychologists studying human traits and behavior developed five dimensions of core traits believed
to make up each person's personality, called the Big 5. Each of the five traits exists on a
spectrum from low to high, and there is no 'optimal' combination that predisposes someone to success or
effective leadership. Instead, each unique combination of traits simply makes someone adapted to excel in
different situations.
Click/tap the five traits below to learn more about what each trait means, and where a leader might excel
depending on if they rank high or low on each trait's spectrum.
Conscientiousness
A person's inclination toward self-control, organization, and
efficiency.
High: These individuals may suffer from perfectionism or rigidity but
excel in situations that require order.
Low: Despite being associated with disorganization, these
leaders may be more flexible and open to spontaneity.
Agreeableness
A person's interest in maintaining harmony among others, is characterized
by warmth, kindness, and consideration.
High: Often associated with being trusting and trustworthy, these
leaders may be well-suited for building strong working relationships.
Low: Associated with competitiveness, this leader may be a hard worker
who models an impressive work ethic to others.
Openness
A person's willingness to have new experiences, try new things or take on
challenges.
High: Adapted for creativity and aesthetics, these leaders are
well-suited for periods of innovation or working with diverse cultures and
perspectives.
Low: More traditional and conservative leaders might excel at
anticipating risks or avoiding fads.
Extroversion
A person's inclination towards social, external activities or
stimulation.
High: Extroverted leaders are suited for highly social positions that
include networking or regularly engaging with large groups.
Low: A more introverted and reserved leader might excel in smaller
group environments where relational leadership is valued.
Emotional Stability
A tendency toward calmness and resilience, characterized by an ability to
cope with stress.
High: Emotional resilience helps a leader maintain focus during
stressful scenarios, like when a business struggles or even faces a scandal.
Low: Characterized by higher reactivity, this leader's sensitivity may
help them to anticipate and perceive obstacles.
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Know the Big 5